WkSht+2+Breathing+System

__ BREATHING SYSTEM __ __WORK SHEET __ 1. **Pulmonary Ventilation**

1.1 Describe the events that occur in the thoracic cavity during inhalation.

1.2 Explain Boyle’s Law as it pertains to the lungs during breathing.

1.3 List and explain four physical constraints that may affect the amount of air inhaled.

1.4 Name the muscles that contract during inhalation and state the effect these muscles have on the thoracic cavity.

1.5 Describe the process of exhalation.

1.6 Why is it important to inhale through the nose and not through the mouth?

1.7 List and describe the factors that will enhance the movement of air during pulmonary ventilation.

1.8 Discuss the factors that may limit the movement of air during pulmonary ventilation.

2**. Alveolar Gaseous Exchange/External respiration**

2.1 Explain how oxygen moves from the alveoli into the blood. Mention the structures, processes and molecules involved in this process.

2.2 Draw a fully labelled diagram of the respiratory membrane to illustrate 2.1 above.

2.3 List four factors essential for a good surface for gaseous exchange.

2.4 Explain how the dead space affects the process of gaseous exchange.

2.5 Explain why and how carbon dioxide moves from the blood into the alveoli

2.6 Discuss the transport of carbon dioxide in the blood.

2.7 Mention two ways in which oxygen is transported in the blood.

2.8 Mention the factors influencing the affinity of haemoglobin for oxygen.

3 **Systemic Gaseous Exchange/Internal Respiration**

3.1 Draw a diagram to illustrate the process on internal respiration i.e. gaseous exchange at cellular surface in tissues throughout the body.

3.2 Describe the processes mentioned in 3.1 above.

3.3 Mention the factors the determine the rate of systemic gas exchange.

3.4 Describe the phenomenon of high altitude sickness.

4. **Lung volumes**

4.1 Study the chart of lung volumes and write down a definition for each of the components

4.2 Write down as many equations as possible to calculate different lung volumes.

5**. Control and regulation of breathing**.

5.1 Provide a detailed description of the control of breathing.

5.2 Discuss the factors involved in regulation of breathing (how fast or how slow)

5.3 Discuss the homeostatic control of breathing.

6. List and describe the effects of (I) exercise (ii) aging on breathing.

7. List five diseases of the breathing system and describe each condition.

8. Describe the execution of the abdominal thrust (Heimlich) manoevre.