WkSht+Muscle+Tissue+Anatomy

__ MUSCLE TISSUE __ __ ANATOMY __ __ WORKSHEET __ __ Chapter 9 __ 1.1 Name the 3 different types of muscle tissue and compare these in tabular form using the following guidelines: ................physical appearance: shape, striation, types of fibres, position of nuclei, location/occurrence, functioning: voluntary or involuntary, type of contractions

1.2 Draw fully annotated diagrams of each of the muscle CELL/FIBRE types, showing macroscopic as well as microscopic structures. .....................(Marieb 6th Ed. p 314 and p282/285 ; 311 ; 688)

1.3 Draw a diagram of a skeletal muscle showing bundles, coverings, attachment to bone and neuromuscular junction. (Marieb 6th Ed. combine pgs. 283 with 289 )

1.4 Provide a detailed description of each of the muscles types including attachment where applicable.

1.5 Describe the different types of filaments present in a skeletal muscle fibre.

2.1 Mention four functional characteristics common to all types of muscle tissue and provide a brief description of each of the characteristics.

2.2 List four functions of muscles and provide an example in each case.

2.3 Draw a series of diagrams of a skeletal muscle fibre to illustrate muscle contraction.

__ Chapter 10 __

3.1 Define the term antagonistic muscles and provide two examples of this phenomenon.

3.2 List 7 Criteria used to name muscles, provide a one-line description of each criterion (cf. Fig. 10.1) and an example of each of the muscle types identified by these criteria.

3.3 Bone and Muscles can operate as Lever Systems

3.3.1 Provide the basis for classifying Levers into different classes of levers. (Fig. 10.2 and 10.3)

3.3.2 Explain the advantages of lever systems in general.

3.3.3 List the classes of levers in order of efficacy and provide an explanation of the choice of most efficient and least efficient.

3.3.4 Draw a labelled line diagram to illustrate the relative positions of the parts of the levers in each class.

3.3.5 List the classes of levers with 2 examples of muscle/bone interactions for each class of lever.

4. Major Muscles of the body

In all the cases below, study the function of the muscles where applicable.

4.1 Study Fig 10.4 (a) and (b) and memorize the location and names the muscles shown.

4.2 Study Fig 10.5 (a) and (b) and memorize the location and names the muscles shown.

4.3 Study Fig 10.6 and memorize the location and names the muscles shown.

4.4 Study Fig 10.9 (a) and (b) and memorize the location and names the muscles shown.

4.5 Study Fig 10.10 and memorize the location and names the breathing muscles shown.

4.6 Study Fig 10.14 (a) and memorize the location and names the muscles shown.


 * STUDY THE MUSCLES ON THE OTHER DIAGRAMS. **


 * FAMILIARISE YOURSELF WITH THE NAMES AND POSITIONS. **

Although these will not be examined in a test, you need to be aware of the existence of these muscles as well as their location and function.

__ Questions __ 1.1 Place the following parts of a muscle in the correct order: ..........muscle fibre, myofilament, myofibril, sarcolemma, perimysium, fascicle, muscle, epimysium, endomysium.

1.2 The thin filaments in a muscle fibre is composed chiefly of the protein ______

1.3 The thick filaments in a muscle fibre is composed chiefly of the protein ______

1.4 A unit of a muscle fibre from Z-disc to the next Z disc is called a _____________

1.5 The fluid matrix in a muscle fibre is called the _________________

1.6 The pigment protein in the muscle fibre that stores oxygen is ______________

2.1 Explain the terms A-band and I-band as pertaining to muscle fibres.

2.2 Define: H-Zone and M-line as pertaining to muscle fibres

2.3 Explain why skeletal muscle appears striated.

2.4 What are troponin and tropomyosin ? What are their roles in the muscles fibres.

2.5 Describe the Sarcoplasmic Reticulum(SR) and its role in the muscle fibre.

3.1 Draw a diagram of the biceps in flexed form attached to the bones. Label the diagram fully, indicating the insertion and origin as well.

3.2 Name the muscles that make up the rotator cuff.

3.3 Distinguish between a tendon and an aponeurosis.

3.4 Name two muscles anchored by aponeuroses.

3.5 Name two muscles/muscle sets that are found in the anterior part of the lower leg.

3.6 Name the muscles involved when you smile.

3.7 Name the major muscle that indicates a frown.

3.8 Name the main muscle set that is involved in the chewing action.

3.9 Provide a brief description of the location of the following muscles:

..............teres major, gluteus maximus, sternocleidomastoid , trapezius, rectus abdominis, vastus medialis, sartorius, quadriceps femoris, biceps femoris, biceps brachii, psoas

3.10 Name and provide a brief description of the muscles that form the

3.10.1 axilla of the arm ; femoral triangle ; lateral rotators of hip ; posterior triangle of neck

3.10.2 anterior abdominal wall ; posterior abdominal wall.