Bone+Axial+Skeleton

ANATOMY 1

=__THE HUMAN SKELETON__=

__Functions of the skeleton__
Protection, support, attachment for muscles, locomotion, mineral bank, hematopoiesis

__Types of bones in the skeleton__
long bones - examples; structure of typical long bone - draw and label

flat bones - examples

short bones - examples [sesamoid bones]

irregular bones - examples

__Bone markings__
tuberosity ; trochanter ; tubercle ; crest ; condyle ; epicondyle ; spine ; process

SKELETON

 * ===AXIAL........SKELETON......................===

SKULL-Cranium (8) Facial bones (14) Vertebral Column (33) Ribs || ===APPENDICULAR.......................................SKELETON.......................................................===

Clavicles, Scapulae .......................................................... Hip bones
 * PECTORAL GIRDLE..............................................................PELVIC GIRDLE**

Upper limbs......................................................................... Lower limbs
Humerus................................................................................... Femur

Radius .....................................................................................Tibia Patella Ulna ..........................................................................................Fibula

carpals .....................................................................................tarsals

metacarpals .............................................................................metatarsals

phalanges.................................................................................. phalanges ||

__THE SKULL__
Flat bones held together by sutures.

8 cranial bones 14 facial bones Important markings (p217 onwards)


 * SAGITTAL VIEW OF THE SKULL BREATHING SYSTEM (NOSE)**

functions: protection of spinal cord, passage of spinal nerves, attachments for muscles
Curvatures - region names and numbers of vertebrae.- characteristics Structure of a typical vertebra (thoracic), atlas and axis - should be able to draw and label all. Spinal foramena ; intervertebral discs


 * SACRUM - Examine, draw and describe**

Abnormalities of the vertebral column
scoliosis; lordosis ; kyphosis ; herniated (slipped) disk





__THE RIB CAGE__
How many ribs in the male and how many in the female? Classification of ribs: Attachment anteriorly True, False - vertebrochondral, floating

__THE APPENDICULAR SKELETON__
__PECTORAL GIRDLE__

Scapula & clavicle - great detail

__The Structure of a typical long bone__

Draw and label the structure of a typical long bone Functions of each part of the bone

Discuss parts As per description in table above.

__PELVIC GIRDLE__

Pelvic brim, Shenton's line, etc.

__DEFECTS OF THE APPENDICULAR SKELETON__

hallux valgus (bunions), talipes equinovarus (clubfoot), clawfoot, ples planus, genu valgum (knock-knees), genu varum (bow legs)


 * __PROCEED TO JOINTS__**